Which of the following can rebut the presumption of marital property?

The presumption of marital property generally posits that any property acquired during the marriage is considered jointly owned by both spouses. However, there are circumstances in which this presumption can be rebutted. A gift or inheritance specifically to one spouse is a clear exception to the general rule, as these types of assets are typically regarded as the separate property of the receiving spouse. This is rooted in the understanding that gifts and inheritances are intended for the individual and not meant to be shared with the spouse.

In contrast, the other options do not serve to rebut the presumption of marital property. Shared investments and property acquired through joint efforts are generally still considered marital property, as they reflect the joint efforts and contributions of both spouses during the marriage. A verbal agreement between spouses may have limited enforceability and would not typically suffice to establish that a piece of property is separate rather than marital unless it meets certain legal standards. Thus, the nature of gifts and inheritances distinctly allows for the potential to rebut the marital property presumption.